What is the difference between 12V and 24v actuators?

Actuators are mechanical devices that are used to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. They are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including industrial automation, robotics, and automotive systems. Two common voltage options for actuators are 12 volts (12V) and 24 volts (24V). In this article, we will explore the differences between 12V and 24V actuators.

The choice between a 12V and 24V actuator depends on several factors, including the specific application requirements, power availability, and performance expectations. Understanding the differences between these two voltage options can help you make an informed decision when selecting an actuator for your project.

Voltage and Power

1. Voltage Rating
The most obvious difference between 12V and 24V actuators is their voltage rating. As the name suggests, a 12V actuator is designed to operate at a voltage of 12 volts, while a 24V actuator is designed to operate at a voltage of 24 volts.

The voltage rating determines the amount of electrical power that can be supplied to the actuator. Generally, a higher voltage rating allows for more power to be delivered to the actuator, which can result in greater force and speed.

2. Power Output
Due to the difference in voltage, 24V actuators typically have a higher power output than 12V actuators. This means that they can generate more force and move heavier loads.

For applications that require a significant amount of force, such as in industrial automation or heavy-duty machinery, a 24V actuator may be a better choice. On the other hand, for lighter-duty applications or where power availability is limited, a 12V actuator may be sufficient.

Speed and Torque

1. Speed Performance
In general, 24V actuators tend to have a higher speed than 12V actuators. This is because the higher voltage allows for a greater current flow, which can result in faster motor rotation and therefore faster actuator movement.

However, the actual speed of an actuator also depends on other factors such as the design of the actuator, the load being moved, and the control system used.

2. Torque Characteristics
Torque is the rotational force produced by an actuator. Similar to power output, 24V actuators generally have a higher torque than 12V actuators.

This makes 24V actuators better suited for applications that require a lot of torque, such as opening and closing heavy doors or lifting heavy objects. For applications where less torque is needed, a 12V actuator may be a more cost-effective option.

Cable Size and Installation

1. Cable Requirements
The higher voltage of a 24V actuator means that it requires thicker cables to handle the increased current flow. This can make installation more complex and may require larger conduit or wiring channels.

In contrast, 12V actuators can often use thinner cables, which can be easier to install and route in tight spaces.

2. Installation Considerations
When installing actuators, it is important to consider the voltage requirements and cable sizes to ensure proper operation and safety. Make sure that the power supply and control system are compatible with the chosen actuator voltage.

Additionally, consider the physical size and weight of the actuator, as well as the mounting options available. Some actuators may require specific mounting brackets or hardware, which can add to the installation complexity.

Cost and Availability

1. Cost Differences
Generally, 12V actuators are less expensive than 24V actuators. This is because they are often designed for lighter-duty applications and use less expensive components.

However, the cost difference may not be significant in all cases, and other factors such as performance requirements and installation complexity should also be considered.

2. Availability
Both 12V and 24V actuators are widely available in the market. However, depending on the specific application and industry, one voltage option may be more readily available than the other.

It is important to research and source actuators from reliable suppliers to ensure quality and availability.

Application Considerations

1. Light-Duty vs. Heavy-Duty Applications
For light-duty applications such as in small robotics projects, hobbyist applications, or where space and power availability are limited, a 12V actuator may be a suitable choice.

For heavy-duty industrial applications, where high force and speed are required, a 24V actuator may be more appropriate. Consider the specific requirements of your application to determine the best voltage option.

2. Power Supply Availability
Check the availability of power sources that can provide the required voltage. If you already have a 12V power supply available, it may be more convenient to use a 12V actuator. Similarly, if you have a 24V power supply, a 24V actuator may be a better fit.

Consider the power consumption of the actuator and ensure that the power supply can handle the load without overheating or tripping circuit breakers.

3. Control System Compatibility
Make sure that the control system you plan to use is compatible with the chosen actuator voltage. Some control systems may be designed specifically for a certain voltage range, and using an incompatible actuator can lead to performance issues or damage to the control system.

In summary, the main differences between 12V and 24V actuators lie in their voltage rating, power output, speed, torque, cable size, installation complexity, cost, and availability. The choice between these two voltage options depends on the specific requirements of your application, including the force and speed needed, power availability, installation constraints, and budget. By carefully considering these factors, you can select the right actuator for your project and ensure optimal performance and reliability.